https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34995 −1 biosolids for ≤50, 50–100, 100–250, 250–1000 μm size fractions, respectively. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images illustrated wrinkled and fractured surfaces due to degradation. The adsorption of dissolved organic matter onto microbeads was confirmed through FT-IR microscopy, while using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) the presence of trace metals including Cd (2.34 ng g⁻¹), Cu (180.64 ng g⁻¹), Ni (12.69 ng g⁻¹), Pb (1.17 ng g⁻¹), Sb (14.43 ng g⁻¹), and Zn (178.03 ng g⁻¹) was revealed. Surface modified microbeads were capable of adsorbing Cu compared to the pure microbeads, which may be attributed to the complexation of Cu with dissolved organic matter associated with the microbeads in the matrix. It was further revealed that the biosolids derived microbead-metal complexes decreased soil respiration (up to ∼ 26%) and dehydrogenase activity (up to ∼ 39%). Hence, microbeads reaching biosolids during wastewater treatment are likely to serve as a vector for trace element contamination, transportation, and toxicity when biosolids are applied to soil.]]> Wed 29 May 2019 11:33:56 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40760 Wed 28 Feb 2024 14:59:36 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41068 2SO₄-H₂O₂ digested) was the dominant P fraction (37–51% of total P) in the aerobic soil under wheat, while it was decreased by 18–27% in flooded soil under rice cultivation. In contrast, the sparingly soluble Ca-bound P (HCl-Pi) increased from 25–31% under wheat cultivation to 41–50% under flooded rice (paddy) cultivation where reducing conditions are expected to prevail under submerged paddy soil conditions. The crop rotation not only altered the sparingly available P fraction but also influenced soil labile P, especially the organic P form. Compared with the rice soil, a 4-fold increase in the labile P fraction (NaHCO₃-Po) was observed in wheat soil. The moderately labile P fraction (NaOH-extractable) showed a similar trend to that of labile P pool, but the increased NaOH-Po in wheat soil was relatively small. The relatively rapid change in the residual P fraction was attributed to oxidation-reduction cycles of Fe oxides between flooded (rice) and aerobic (wheat) soil conditions. Conclusions: Wetting and drying cycles associated with a rice-wheat crop rotation promoted the transformation of the sparingly soluble soil P fraction between crops, which was attributed to changes in soil redox conditions, particularly Fe cycling. This indicated that the rice-wheat crop rotation can draw upon the sparingly soluble P fraction for crop production, thus relying less on fertilizer-applied P.]]> Wed 28 Feb 2024 14:57:36 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53481 Wed 28 Feb 2024 14:56:32 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39789 Wed 28 Feb 2024 14:54:28 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42653 Wed 28 Feb 2024 14:54:03 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46637 Wed 28 Feb 2024 14:49:30 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49315 Wed 28 Feb 2024 14:48:43 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49120 Wed 28 Feb 2024 14:46:04 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33205 Wed 12 Sep 2018 16:43:02 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44361 Wed 12 Oct 2022 09:14:23 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26052 Pennisetum purpureum, Medicago sativa, Sinapis alba and Helianthus annuus) were grown separately on three different soils (CI, CNI and CTRL) in plastic pots. Two types of water (tap water and wastewater) and two loadings were applied throughout the planting period based on the field capacity (FC 100 and 150%). The overall dry matter yield was compared between the soils and treatments. Under wastewater irrigation, among the four species grown in the CI soil, P. purpureum (171 g) and H. annuus (151 g) showed high biomass yields, followed by S. alba (115 g) and M. sativa (31 g). The plants grown under tap water showed about 70% lower yields compared to the abattoir wastewater irrigation (AWW). Similar trends in the biomass yields were observed for CNI and CTRL soils under the two water treatments, with the biomass yields in the following order CI > CNI > CTRL soils. The results confirm the beneficial effects of AWW at the greenhouse level. However, a proper cropping pattern and wastewater irrigation management plan is essential to utilise the nutrients available in the wastewater-irrigated land treatment sites. The increase in fertility is evident from the effects of wastewater on biomass growth and also the abundance of nutrients accumulated in plants. A mass balance calculation on the applied, residual and the plant-accumulated nutrients over a few cropping periods will help us in understanding the nutrient cycling processes involved in the abattoir-irrigated land treatment sites, which will serve as an effective tool for the environmental management.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 12:50:36 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53716 Wed 10 Jan 2024 11:17:44 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53697 Wed 10 Jan 2024 10:48:46 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30603 Wed 09 Mar 2022 15:58:43 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36344 Wed 07 Feb 2024 17:10:27 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46002 Wed 07 Feb 2024 16:35:26 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46636 4PO₄⋅6H₂O crystals and Poly-P as the IP species, and Mono-P as the OP species in compost generated from the dissolution or inter-transformation among P pools. These nutrient flows are attributed to changes in the structure of microbial communities as a consequence of introducing MMIs. Diverse microbial compositions were identified in different composting phases, although Bacillus appeared in each phase. This work provides support for the aerobic composting of hazardous biowaste as well as an improved understanding of nutrient flows, as a means of producing higher quality compost.]]> Wed 07 Feb 2024 15:28:20 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46285 Wed 07 Feb 2024 15:06:11 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46017 Wed 07 Feb 2024 14:59:45 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46020 Wed 07 Feb 2024 14:59:09 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47440 Wed 07 Feb 2024 14:39:59 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44791 Wed 07 Feb 2024 14:24:40 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43940 Wed 05 Oct 2022 12:51:29 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37009 Wed 05 Aug 2020 14:09:19 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38109 Wed 04 Aug 2021 09:52:45 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36343 Wed 01 Apr 2020 13:32:39 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38292 Tue 24 Aug 2021 12:58:39 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53961 Tue 23 Jan 2024 12:39:48 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:55174 Tue 23 Apr 2024 09:45:56 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37263 Tue 15 Sep 2020 12:37:20 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37262 -1. Of the advanced materials, the metal organic framework, MIL-101 has an acceptable value of 985 L g^-1. Likewise, judgement based on a figure of merit basis (e.g., regeneration, reusability, breakthrough volume, and cost) confirms the apparent superiority of activated carbon for the removal of aromatic hydrocarbons like toluene over all sorbent materials evaluated on parallel basis.]]> Tue 15 Sep 2020 12:16:30 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46327 3^ˉ) reduction by DNRA and denitrification. Soil samples were incubated at 10 to 40 °C for 28 days, and ¹⁵N tracer methods were applied to estimate the reduction of ¹⁵NO₃^ˉ to ¹⁵NH₄⁺ by DNRA organisms and to ¹⁵N₂O or ¹⁵N₂ by denitrifiers. Raising the temperature from 10 to 40 °C increased DNRA, which contributed to enrichment of the NH₄⁺ pool, particularly at 40 °C. The percentage of ¹⁵NO₃^ˉ, reduced by DNRA was from 4 to 30% of that reduced by denitrification, and decreased with increasing temperature. DNRA and denitrification were positively correlated with the abundance of nrfA and nosZ genes, respectively. The accumulation of ¹⁵NH₄⁺ slowed in the final 12 h of sampling times, which may be due to a re-conversion of ¹⁵NH₄⁺ to ¹⁵NO₃^ˉ by nitrification. High temperatures (30 to 40 °C) enhanced ¹⁵N₂ production, which suggests that temperature plays an important role in regulating complete denitrification from NO₃^ˉ to N₂.]]> Tue 15 Nov 2022 12:20:55 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43113 Tue 13 Sep 2022 13:50:24 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37963 -1) of the BC (4%, w/w) and FA-BC (4%, w/w) treated soils demonstrated a more efficient P adsorption capacity of the FA-BC. Application of the 2% (w/w) FA-BC also significantly reduced the leaching of total P (81.3%) from the soil column, while maintained an appropriate level of bioavailable P in the soil for sustaining plant growth. The chemical sequestration test and in-situ P k-edge XANES analyses of the FA-BC incubated soils revealed that the labile Ca-P fractions were transformed into stabilized Fe/Al-P complexes. The increased soil pH, a higher degree of soil P saturation, and intensive interaction between P and Fe/Al (hydr)oxides also contributed to the superior ability of the FA-BC amended soils towards P retention. This study provided field-relevant implications for the design and application of engineered biochar for green and sustainable improvement of agricultural soils.]]> Tue 13 Jul 2021 11:50:38 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:54256 Tue 13 Feb 2024 13:26:51 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39474 Acacia inaequilatera, Acacia pyrifolia, Acacia stellaticeps, Banksia seminuda, Chloris truncata, Hakea prostrata, Hardenbergia violacea, and Triodia wiseana were transplanted in a soil contaminated with diesel and engine oil as TPH at pollution levels of 4,370 (TPH1) and 7,500 (TPH2) mg kg^-1, and an uncontaminated control (TPH0). After 150 days, the presence of TPH negatively affected the plant growth, but the growth inhibition effect varied between the plant species. Plant growth and associated root biomass influenced the activity of rhizo-microbiome. The presence of B. seminuda, C. truncata, and H. prostrata significantly increased the TPH removal rate (up to 30% compared to the unplanted treatment) due to the stimulation of rhizosphere microorganisms. No significant difference was observed between TPH1 and TPH2 regarding the plant tolerance and rhizoremediation potentials of the three plant species. The presence of TPH stimulated cluster root formation in B. seminuda and H. prostrata which was associated with enhanced TPH remediation of these two members of Proteaceae family. These results indicated that B. seminuda, C. truncata, and H. prostrata wild plant species could be suitable candidates for the rhizoremediation of TPH-contaminated soil.]]> Tue 09 Aug 2022 14:32:31 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45998 Tue 08 Nov 2022 16:11:02 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32439 Tue 05 Jun 2018 14:58:23 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32437 77%), and Cu-EDTA (36-76%) complexes on the FWC was found at apparent equilibrium. The adsorption capacity of Cu-EDDS (32-38%), Pb-EDTA (~20%), and Zn-EDTA (~0%) complexes was limited. However, the co-existence of FWC and EDDS increased the mobilization of Cu and Zn, while the co-existence of FWC and EDTA reduced the available amounts of Cu and Pb in solution. Metal speciation calculation showed that nearly all extracted Cu, Zn, and Pb were complexed with chelants in the solution, while notable amount of dissolved Fe (but not Al and Ca) was associated with dissolved organic matter. In this study, FWC can be useful for minimizing the unintended leaching of Cu- and Pb-EDTA complexes in EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation, yet it might be less suitable for the case of EDDS. A novel integration of recycled waste can enhance the effectiveness of sustainable remediation of contaminated soils.]]> Tue 05 Jun 2018 14:58:09 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35244 Tue 02 Jul 2019 16:24:42 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35243 Tue 02 Jul 2019 16:10:45 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41367 Tue 02 Aug 2022 14:59:30 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29605 week 4 > week 3 > week 2. On the other hand, under the 50 % FC loading rate treatments, the highest N₂O emission was recorded in the first few weeks and in the following order: week 1 > week 2 > week 3 > week > 4. Since N₂O is a greenhouse gas with high global warming potential, its emission from wastewater irrigation is likely to impact global climate change. Therefore, it is important to examine the effects of abattoir wastewater irrigation on soil for N₂O emission potential.]]> Thu 21 Oct 2021 12:53:23 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31956 −1 biosolids. Soil samples were analyzed for SOC fractions, including total organic carbon (TOC), labile, and non-labile carbon contents. The natural abundances of soil δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N were measured as isotopic tracers to fingerprint carbon derived from biosolids. An automated soil respirometer was used to measure in-situ diurnal CO₂ fluxes, soil moisture, and temperature. Application of biosolids increased the surface (0–15 cm) soil TOC by > 45% at both sites, which was attributed to the direct contribution from residual carbon in the biosolids and also from the increased biomass production. At both sites application of biosolids increased the non-labile carbon fraction that is stable against microbial decomposition, which indicated the soil carbon sequestration potential of biosolids. Soils amended with biosolids showed depleted δ¹³C, and enriched δ¹⁵N indicating the accumulation of biosolids residual carbon in soils. The in-situ respirometer data demonstrated enhanced CO₂ fluxes at the sites treated with biosolids, indicating limited carbon sequestration potential. However, addition of biosolids on both the clay loam and sandy loam soils found to be effective in building SOC than reducing it. Soil temperature and CO₂ fluxes, indicating that temperature was more important for microbial degradation of carbon in biosolids than soil moisture.]]> Thu 21 Oct 2021 12:52:20 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34735 Thu 21 Oct 2021 12:51:21 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36281 Thu 19 Mar 2020 17:51:37 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46378 Thu 17 Nov 2022 10:30:31 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48853 Thu 13 Apr 2023 09:52:55 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45690 Thu 03 Nov 2022 09:21:57 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46826 Lolium perenne L.), taking into account the effect of exogenous phosphorus (P) input. It was found that despite triggering antioxidant enzyme activity, Cd stress heightened lipid peroxidation levels. Exogenous P input partially mitigated the lipid peroxidation impact and decreased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) antioxidant enzymes, revealing reduced ROS-scavenging activity. Importantly, notable relationships were determined between the amount of Cd uptake in the root and the amount of non-protein thiols (R² = 0.914), glutathione (R² = 0.805) and phytochelatins (R² = 0.904) in proportion to the amount of exogenous P applied. The levels of amino acids proline and cysteine were also enhanced by exogenous P input showing their influence in alleviating Cd stress. Overall, it is reported that Cd detoxification in ryegrass plants can be stimulated by exogenous P input, which facilitates chelation-mediated Cd detoxification processes.]]> Thu 01 Dec 2022 10:07:29 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31331 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:44:39 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31377 14C labelled malic acid confirmed the trend of the bulk respiration results. The allophanic soil showed the lowest amount of carbon mineralisation under all experimental conditions. A strong inverse correlation (R² = 0.90 at p < 0.05) was observed between CO₂ emission rate and total sesquioxides (Fe and Al oxides) content. As evidenced by the pore size distribution, micromorphologies and thermogravimetric analyses, the microporous structure and microaggregate formation in the allophanic soil enhanced carbon sequestration. This study indicated that soil carbon stabilisation was related more to the sesquioxides content than to the clay types or their relative specific surface areas]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:44:09 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31024 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:34:51 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24017 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:16:45 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23888 −1 soil) followed by PM (124.2 mg kg⁻¹ soil) and DAP (99 mg kg⁻¹ soil). Ammonia volatilization was reduced by approximately 70% with PL-BC and MS-BC. The decreased NH3 volatilization with biochars is attributed to multiple mechanisms such as NH₃ adsorption/immobilization, and nitrification. Moreover, biochar increased wheat dry weight and N uptake as high as by 24.24% and 76.11%, respectively. This study unravels the immense potential of biochar in decreasing N volatilization from soils and simultaneously improving use efficiency by wheat.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:13:40 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24988 max) (mg g⁻¹) of the soil clay fractions (SCF) maintained the order: Allo > Smec > Kaol-Ill. A similar order was also observed when the adsorption capacities were normalized to the specific surface area (SSA) of the SCFs (mg m⁻²). DOC adsorption showed a positive relationship with SSA, and sesquioxides and allophanic minerals provided the largest contributions to the SSA in the SCF. Removal of sesquioxides from the SCF resulted in a decrease in SSA and thus DOC adsorption, whereas removal of native OC increased the SSA and subsequent DOC adsorption. Because this study used pedogenic SCFs which represented soils formed in different environments instead of processed clays from geological deposits, it provided realistic information about the interaction of DOC with SCF in relation to their native OC and sesquioxide contents. It also revealed the importance of Ca2+ in enhancing the carbon adsorption capacities of these SCFs.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:09:55 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38276 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:51:39 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43938 ion exchange (22.67%) > Cd2+-p interaction (3.88%), with negligible contributions from functional group complexation, electrostatic attraction and physical adsorption. The MBC could thus be used as a promising adsorbent for Cd2+ removal from aqueous solutions.]]> Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:49:04 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44838 Zea mays L. as test crop. In the alkaline MGB soil, the availability of Cd was reduced, while that of As increased. An opposite behaviour was observed in the acid KPD soil. All amendments, when added to KPD soil, increased pH and consequently reduced the mobility of Cd and increased the mobility of As. In MGB, the amendment addition had an effect only on As mobility and bioavailability, which increased likely as a result of the increased competition for adsorption with DOC released by organic compounds. These trends were confirmed by the amounts of Cd and As uptaken by maize plants.]]> Mon 24 Oct 2022 10:48:36 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44805 0.9, p < 0.001), which was affected by plant identity and P levels. The results indicated that an integrated approach involving wild plant species and optimum P amendment, which was determined through experimentation using different plant species, was an efficient way to remediate soil contaminated with TPH.]]> Mon 24 Oct 2022 09:24:40 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:52720 Mon 23 Oct 2023 16:25:51 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38286 Mon 23 Aug 2021 13:39:31 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46250 14CO₂ gas for six hours on the 31st day. Biomass in all seedling components (foliage, stems and roots) was significantly higher in the moderate soil water content treatment than in the low soil water content treatment, while seedling biomass did not significantly differ between the moderate soil water and high soil water content treatments. The shoot/root ratio of seedlings decreased when soil water content decreased. The C concentrations of radiata pine seedlings were not affected by the soil water content, whereas the soil water stress-induced difference in the C allocation of seedlings was attributed to differences in seedling biomass. The translocation of pulse-labelled ¹⁴C from the foliage to the roots was enhanced by low soil water content. The distribution of ¹⁴C was highest in foliage, followed by roots, stems and soil. The results indicate that soil water content was one of the primary factors influencing biomass allocation in the early growth of radiata pine seedlings.]]> Mon 14 Nov 2022 13:28:59 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47966 Mon 13 Feb 2023 15:52:01 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43027 3), fly ash (FA), unreacted lime (CaO) and portlandite (Ca[OH]₂) or calcite (CaCO₃). Chemical and mineralogical composition, leachate chemistry and textural properties of basic slags are helpful for understanding their nature and assessing their impacts on the environment. The characterization of various slags can be analyzed by different instrumental methods. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and optical emission spectrometry (ICP-MS/OES) are the most commonly analytical techniques for chemical composition, and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) is used to provide further information on types of minerals and their phases. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) could be auxiliary to analyze some specific samples, which are not easily identified or quantified by XRD. Some slags have been commercialized to be the source of nutrients and soil amendments, with the major nutrients including P, S, Ca, Mg and silicon (Si). Slags from steel industry are rich in Ca and Mg, which are beneficial to deficient soils. Slags from coal combustion are a good source of sulfur, while the presence of calcium in the form of lime and gypsum helps to mitigate the soil acidity and improves soil structure. However, they also possibly contain toxic metal contaminants, such as chromium (Cr) and vanadium (V). There have been some concerns about the toxic effects of slag materials on farm animals. Slag poisoning of animals can be avoided or minimized by increasing the dissolution of slag through soil incorporation and by avoiding overgrazing of slag treated paddocks.]]> Mon 12 Sep 2022 11:14:42 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38496 Mon 11 Oct 2021 15:51:00 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42817 Mon 05 Sep 2022 11:14:24 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37937 −1) derived from agricultural resources as a promising adsorbent precursor.]]> Mon 05 Jul 2021 15:48:44 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46864 Mon 05 Dec 2022 08:29:59 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40045 2 adsorption-desorption, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were conducted to reveal the influence on biochar physiochemical properties. The immobilization performances were examined through Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP), and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was adopted to visualize the results from leaching tests. The stabilization mechanisms of alkaline enhanced biochars were investigated using Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS), Tessier sequential extraction method and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The results indicated that rice husk biochar pyrolyzed at a relatively low temperature (i.e., 300 °C) and activated by moderate alkaline concentrations (i.e., 1 M or 3 M KOH) rendered optimum stabilization performance. KOH activation was a double-edged sword, with high alkaline concentrations destroying biochar's cell structures. Moreover, the integration of TOF-SIMS, XRD and sequential leaching method shed lights on the underlying mechanisms involved in metal stabilization. Surface complexation between toxic metals and oxygen-containing functional groups rather than liming or precipitation was proven to be the fundamental stabilization mechanism.]]> Mon 04 Jul 2022 13:41:37 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33876 Fri 30 Aug 2019 13:07:57 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47754 k_d), was much higher in the two organic media than in the cropping soils. The increases in adsorption were strongly correlated to the percentage of organic carbon. When the k_d was normalized to adsorption coefficients corrected for OM content (k_oc), variation in results between the media was greatly reduced, indicating that OM is an important factor influencing adsorption in these media. The results of this study suggest that herbicides will be less effective when applied to soils in which sawdust and wood pulp have been added. Using organic amendments to remediate soil will increase adsorption of pesticides, reducing their bio-availability and efficacy, but also reducing their tendency to leach into root zones of deep-rooted crops and into groundwater.]]> Fri 27 Jan 2023 10:17:56 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33954 Fri 25 Jan 2019 11:55:06 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24499 Fri 22 Apr 2022 10:22:46 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39707 Fri 17 Jun 2022 16:56:05 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38434 Fri 10 Sep 2021 15:32:32 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43007 Fri 09 Sep 2022 14:24:20 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42990 Fri 09 Sep 2022 13:56:20 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44117 - 1 di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) amended with biochar derived from dead pigs, bamboo, and composted sheep manure. The soils were thereafter incubated for 112 days at 25^oC and periodically sampled for monitoring DEHP concentrations. Degradation of DEHP was described by a logistic model. Results showed that the initial degradation rates were slow, but accelerated after 14 days of incubation. The DEHP degradation rates were higher in the HOC soils than in the LOC soils over the incubation period. The half-lives of DEHP were shorter in the LOC soils treated with pig biochar, and bamboo/pig biochar plus compost than in the untreated soil. However, there was no significant difference in the half-lives of DEHP in the HOC control and treated soils. The differential effects of soil amendments on DEHP degradation between LOC and HOC soils could be explained by the properties of the organic amendments, soil pH and the organic carbon contents of the soils.]]> Fri 07 Oct 2022 14:19:32 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44115 Fri 07 Oct 2022 14:19:31 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37316 Fri 02 Oct 2020 15:25:07 AEST ]]>